From: clarke@acme.ist.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke) _____________________________________________________________ absolutism \'ab-se-,luÈt-,iz-em\ n (1830) 1a: a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers _____________________________________________________________ activism \'ak-ti-,viz-em\ n (1915) :a doctrine or practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action (as a mass demonstration) in supportof or opposition to one side of a controversial issue ____________________________________________________ anti-intellectual \-,int-el-'ek-ch(e-w)el, -'eksh-wel\ adj (1936) :opposing or hostile to intellectuals or to an intellectual view or approach Ð anti-intellectualism \-'ek-che(-we)-,liz-em, -'eksh-we-\ n ____________________________________________________ authoritarian \oÇ-,thaÈr-e-'ter-eÅ-en, e-, -,thoÇr-\ adj (1879) 2: of, relating to, or favoring a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people Ð authoritarianism \-eÅ-e-,niz-em\ n _____________________________________________________________ anarchism \'an-er-,kiz-em, -,aÈr-\ n (1642) 1: a political theory holding all forms of governmental authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocating a society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups _____________________________________________________________ capitalism \'kap-et-el-,iz-em, 'kap-tel-, Brit also ke-'pit-el-\ n (1854) :an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision rather than by state control, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market _____________________________________________________________ centralism \'sen-tre-,liz-em\ n (1831) :the concentration of power and control in the central authority of an organization (as a political or educational system) Ð compare FEDERALISM _____________________________________________________________ clericalism \'kler-i-ke-,liz-em\ n (1864) :a policy of maintaining or increasing the power of a religious hierarchy _____________________________________________________________ collectivism \ke-'lek-ti-,viz-em\ n (1857) :a political or economic theory advocating collective control esp. over production and distribution or a system marked by such control _____________________________________________________________ commercialism \ke-'mer-she-,liz-em\ n (1849) 2: excessive emphasis on profit _____________________________________________________________ communalism \-el-,iz-em\ n (1871) 2: loyalty to a sociopolitical grouping based on religious or ethnic affiliation ____________________________________________________ communism \'kaÈm-ye-,niz-em\ n [F communisme, fr. commun common] (1840) 2 b: a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production with the professed aim of establishing a stateless society _____________________________________________________________ conservatism \ken-'ser-ve-,tiz-em\ n (1835) 2 b: a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, stressing established institutions, and preferring gradual development to abrupt change _____________________________________________________________ corporatism \'koÇr-p(e-)ret-,iz-em\ n (1890) :the organization of a society into industrial and professional corporations serving as organs of political representation and exercising some control over persons and activities within their jurisdiction ____________________________________________________ cronyism \-neÅ-,iz-em\ n (1840) :partiality to cronies esp. as evidenced in the appointment of political hangers-on to office without regard to their qualifications _____________________________________________________________ deism \'deÅ-,iz-em, 'daÅ-\ n, often cap (1682) :a movement or system of thought advocating natural religion, emphasizing morality, and in the 18th century denying the interference of the Creator with the laws of the universe _____________________________________________________________ despotism \'des-pe-,tiz-em\ n (1727) 2a: a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power: ABSOLUTISM _____________________________________________________________ disestablishmentarian \-,stab-lish-,men-'ter-eÅ-en, -men-\ n, often cap [disestablishment] (1885) :one who opposes an established order Ð disestablishmentarianism adj, often cap --- and of course the famous ANTIDISESTABLISHMENTARIANISM --- _____________________________________________________________ egal·i·tar·i·an·ism \-eÅ-e-,niz-em\ n (1905) 2: a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people _____________________________________________________________ elitism \-'leÅt-,iz-em\ n (1947) 1a: leadership or rule by an elite ____________________________________________________ familism \'fam-e-,liz-em\ n (1925) :a social pattern in which the family assumes a position of ascendance over individual interests ____________________________________________________ fascism \'fash-,iz-em also 'fas-,iz-\ n [It fascismo, fr. fascio bundle, fasces, group, fr. L fascis bundle & fasces fasces] (1921) 2: a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control _____________________________________________________________ federalism \'fed(-e)-re-,liz-em\ n (1789) 1a often cap: the distribution of power in an organization (as a government) between a central authority and the constituent units Ð compare CENTRALISM _____________________________________________________________ feudalism \'fyuÈd-el-,iz-em\ n (ca. 1828) 1: the system of political organization prevailing in Europe from the 9th to about the 15th centuries having as its basis the relation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and in court, wardship, and forfeiture _____________________________________________________________ Hegelianism \-leÅ-e-,niz-em\ n (1846) :the philosophy of Hegel that places ultimate reality in ideas rather than in things and that uses dialectic to comprehend an absolute idea behind phenomena ____________________________________________________ historical materialism n (1925) :the Marxist theory of history and society that holds that ideas and social institutions develop only as the superstructure of a material economic base Ð compare DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM _____________________________________________________________ humanism \'hyuÈ-me-,niz-em, 'yuÈ-\ n (1832) 3: a doctrine, attitude, or way of life centered on human interests or values; esp: a philosophy that usu. rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual's dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason _____________________________________________________________ imperialism \im-'pir-eÅ-e-,liz-em\ n (1851) 2: the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation esp. by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly: the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence _____________________________________________________________ individualism \,in-de-'vij-(e-)we-,liz-em, -'vij-e-,liz-\ n (1827) b: a theory maintaining the political and economic independence of the individual and stressing individual initiative, action, and interests; also: conduct or practice guided by such a theory _____________________________________________________________ intellectualism \,int-el-'ek-che(-we)-,liz-em, -'eksh-we-\ n (1838) :devotion to the exercise of intellect or to intellectual pursuits ____________________________________________________ ism \'iz-em\ n [-ism] (1680) :a distinctive doctrine, cause, or theory _____________________________________________________________ jingoism \'jin-(,)goÅ-,iz-em\ n (1878) :extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked esp. by a belligerent foreign policy _____________________________________________________________ journalism \'jern-el-,iz-em\ n (1833) 2c: writing designed to appeal to current popular taste or public interest ____________________________________________________ le·gal·ism \'leÅ-ge-,liz-em\ n (ca. 1864) 1: strict, literal, or excessive conformity to the law or to a religious or moral code áa revolt against formalism and legalism...inspired by American pragmatic philosophy ÐT. I. Cookñ _____________________________________________________________ liberalism \'lib(-e)-re-,liz-em\ n (1819) 2 c: a political philosophy based on belief in progress, the essential goodness of man, and the autonomy of the individual and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties _____________________________________________________________ libertarian \,lib-er-'ter-eÅ-en\ n (1789) 2: one who upholds the principles of absolute and unrestricted liberty esp. of thought and action Ð libertarianism \-eÅ-e-,niz-em\ n _____________________________________________________________ localism \'loÅ-ke-,liz-em\ n (1823) 2: affection or partiality for a particular place: SECTIONALISM _____________________________________________________________ Marxism \'maÈrk-,siz-em\ n (1897) :the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by Marx; esp: a theory and practice of socialism including the labor theory of value, dialectical materialism, the class struggle, and dictatorship of the proletariat until the establishment of a classless society _____________________________________________________________ mercantilism \-,teÅ-,liz-em, -,tõÅ-\ n (1873) 2: an economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and esp. the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usu. through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies _____________________________________________________________ militarism \'mil-e-te-,riz-em\ n (1864) 1b: exaltation of military virtues and ideals _____________________________________________________________ monarchism \'maÈn-er-,kiz-em, -,aÈr-\ n (1838) : monarchical government or principles _____________________________________________________________ neutralism \'n(y)uÈ-tre-,liz-em\ n (1579) 2: a policy or the advocacy of neutrality esp. in international affairs _____________________________________________________________ nihilism \'nõÅ-(h)e-,liz-em, 'neÅ-\ n [G nihilismus, fr. L nihil nothing Ð more at NIL] (1817) 2a (1): a doctrine or belief that conditions in the social organization are so bad as to make destruction desirable for its own sake independent of any constructive program or possibility ____________________________________________________ paternalism \pe-'tern-el-,iz-em\ n (1881) 1: a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well as in their relations to authority and to each other _____________________________________________________________ plebeian \pli-'beÅ-y)en\ n [L plebeius of the common people, fr. plebs common people; akin to Gk pleÅthos throng, pleÅthein to be full Ð more at FULL] (1533) 2: one of the common people Ð plebeianism \-,iz-em\ n ____________________________________________________ populist \'paÈp-ye-lest\ n [L populus the people] (1892) 2: a believer in the rights, wisdom, or virtues of the common people Ð populism \-,liz-em\ n ____________________________________________________ racism \'raÅ-,siz-em, -,shiz-\ n (1936) 1: a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race _____________________________________________________________ radicalism \'rad-i-ke-,liz-em\ n (1820) 2: the doctrines or principles of radicals ____________________________________________________ secessionism \-'sesh-e-,niz-em\ n (1851) :the doctrine or policy of secession _____________________________________________________________ sectionalism \'sek-shn-,liz-em, -shen-el-,iz-\ n (1855) :an exaggerated devotion to the interests of a region _____________________________________________________________ secularism \'sek-ye-le-,riz-em\ n (1851) :indifference to or rejection or exclusion of religion and religious considerations _____________________________________________________________ scientism \'sõÅ-en-,tiz-em\ n (1877) 2: an exaggerated trust in the efficacy of the methods of natural science applied to all areas of investigation (as in philosophy, the social sciences, and the humanities) ____________________________________________________ socialism \'soÅ-she-,liz-em\ n (1839) 1: any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods _____________________________________________________________ statism \'staÅt-,iz-em\ n (1880) :concentration of economic controls and planning in the hands of a highly centralized government _____________________________________________________________ supernaturalism \,suÈ-per-'nach-(e-)re-,liz-em\ n (1799) 2: belief in a supernatural power and order of existence Ð_____________________________________________________________ syndicalism \'sin-di-ke-,liz-em\ n [F syndicalisme, fr. chambre syndicale trade union] (1907) 3: a theory of government based on functional rather than territorial representation _____________________________________________________________ terrorism \'ter-er-,iz-em\ n (1795) :the systematic use of terror esp. as a means of coercion _____________________________________________________________ theism \'theÅ-,iz-em\ n (1678) :belief in the existence of a god or gods; specif: belief in the existence of one God viewed as the creative source of man and the world who transcends yet is immanent in the world _____________________________________________________________ theocracy \theÅ-'aÈk-re-seÅ\ pl -cies [Gk theokratia, fr. the- + -kratia -cracy] (1622) 1: government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided _____________________________________________________________ totalitarian \(,)toÅ-,tal-e-'ter-eÅ-en\ adj [total + -itarian (as in authoritarian)] (1926) b: of or relating to a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of the life and productive capacity of the nation esp. by coercive measures (as censorship and terrorism) Ð totalitarian ism \-eÅ-e-,niz-em\ n _____________________________________________________________ unionism \'yuÈn-ye-,niz-em\ n (1845) b: the principles, theory, advocacy, or system of trade unions ____________________________________________________ utopianism \-peÅ-e-,niz-em\ n (1661) 2 often cap: the body of ideas, views, or aims of a utopian